Pyrolysis is a process where material (like plant waste, plastic or rubber) is heated to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, causing it to chemically decompose. This process transforms the material into smaller molecules, resulting in products like bio-oil, syngas (a mix of hydrogen and carbon monoxide), and char. Pyrolysis is used for recycling plastics, producing energy from waste, and creating biochar for soil enhancement, making it a valuable tool for waste management and renewable energy solutions.